Oppstartsfilene til Bash Skallet

/etc/profile

Her er en grunnleggende /etc/profile. Denne filen starter med å sette opp noen hjelpefunksjoner og noen grunnleggende parametere. Det spesifiserer noen bash historie parametere og, for sikkerhets formål, deaktiverer lagring av en permanent historikkfil for root bruker. Den angir også en standardbrukers ledetekst. Den kaller så små, enkeltformålsskripter i /etc/profile.d mappen for å gi det meste av initialiseringen.

For mer informasjon om skiftesekvensene du kan bruke for forespørselen (dvs. PS1 miljøvariabelen) se info bash -- Punkt: Printing a Prompt.

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
# modifications by Dagmar d'Surreal <rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg>

# System wide environment variables and startup programs.

# System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc.  Personal
# environment variables and startup programs should go into
# ~/.bash_profile.  Personal aliases and functions should go into
# ~/.bashrc.

# Functions to help us manage paths.  Second argument is the name of the
# path variable to be modified (default: PATH)
pathremove () {
        local IFS=':'
        local NEWPATH
        local DIR
        local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
        for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
                if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
                  NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
                fi
        done
        export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
}

pathprepend () {
        pathremove $1 $2
        local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
        export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
}

pathappend () {
        pathremove $1 $2
        local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
        export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
}

export -f pathremove pathprepend pathappend

# Set the initial path
export PATH=/usr/bin

# Attempt to provide backward compatibility with LFS earlier than 11
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then
        pathappend /bin
fi

if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
        pathappend /usr/sbin
        if [ ! -L /sbin ]; then
                pathappend /sbin
        fi
        unset HISTFILE
fi

# Set up some environment variables.
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTIGNORE="&:[bf]g:exit"

# Set some defaults for graphical systems
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/share/}
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg/}
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp/xdg-$USER}

# Set up a red prompt for root and a green one for users.
NORMAL="\[\e[0m\]"
RED="\[\e[1;31m\]"
GREEN="\[\e[1;32m\]"
if [[ $EUID == 0 ]] ; then
  PS1="$RED\u [ $NORMAL\w$RED ]# $NORMAL"
else
  PS1="$GREEN\u [ $NORMAL\w$GREEN ]\$ $NORMAL"
fi

for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
        if [ -r $script ] ; then
                . $script
        fi
done

unset script RED GREEN NORMAL

# End /etc/profile
EOF

install --directory --mode=0755 --owner=root --group=root /etc/profile.d

/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh

Note

Å bruke bash fullføringsskriptet nedenfor er kontroversielt. Ikke alle brukere liker det. Den legger til mange (vanligvis over 1000) linjer til bash miljøet og gjør det vanskelig å bruke 'set' kommandoen for å undersøke enkle miljøvariabler. Å utelate dette skriptet forstyrrer ikke bash sin evne til å bruke tabulatortasten for filnavnfullføring.

Dette skriptet importerer bash fullføringsskript, installert av mange andre BLFS pakker, for å tillate fullføring av TAB kommandolinje.

cat > /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
# Import bash completion scripts

# If the bash-completion package is installed, use its configuration instead
if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then

  # Check for interactive bash and that we haven't already been sourced.
  if [ -n "${BASH_VERSION-}" -a -n "${PS1-}" -a -z "${BASH_COMPLETION_VERSINFO-}" ]; then

    # Check for recent enough version of bash.
    if [ ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -gt 4 ] || \
       [ ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -eq 4 -a ${BASH_VERSINFO[1]} -ge 1 ]; then
       [ -r "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/bash_completion" ] && \
            . "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/bash_completion"
       if shopt -q progcomp && [ -r /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
          # Source completion code.
          . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
       fi
    fi
  fi

else

  # bash-completions are not installed, use only bash completion directory
  if shopt -q progcomp; then
    for script in /etc/bash_completion.d/* ; do
      if [ -r $script ] ; then
        . $script
      fi
    done
  fi
fi

# End /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
EOF

Kontroller at mappen eksisterer:

install --directory --mode=0755 --owner=root --group=root /etc/bash_completion.d

For en mer fullstendig installasjon, se https://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/bash-shell-startup-files#bash-completions.

cat > /etc/profile.d/dircolors.sh << "EOF"
# Setup for /bin/ls and /bin/grep to support color, the alias is in /etc/bashrc.
if [ -f "/etc/dircolors" ] ; then
        eval $(dircolors -b /etc/dircolors)
fi

if [ -f "$HOME/.dircolors" ] ; then
        eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)
fi

alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
EOF

cat > /etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh << "EOF"
if [ -d /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ] ; then
        pathappend /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
fi
if [ -d /usr/local/bin ]; then
        pathprepend /usr/local/bin
fi
if [ -d /usr/local/sbin -a $EUID -eq 0 ]; then
        pathprepend /usr/local/sbin
fi

if [ -d /usr/local/share ]; then
        pathprepend /usr/local/share XDG_DATA_DIRS
fi

# Set some defaults before other applications add to these paths.
pathappend /usr/share/man  MANPATH
pathappend /usr/share/info INFOPATH
EOF

cat > /etc/profile.d/readline.sh << "EOF"
# Set up the INPUTRC environment variable.
if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ] ; then
        INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
fi
export INPUTRC
EOF

cat > /etc/profile.d/umask.sh << "EOF"
# By default, the umask should be set.
if [ "$(id -gn)" = "$(id -un)" -a $EUID -gt 99 ] ; then
  umask 002
else
  umask 022
fi
EOF

cat > /etc/profile.d/i18n.sh << "EOF"
# Set up i18n variables
for i in $(locale); do
  unset ${i%=*}
done

if [[ "$TERM" = linux ]]; then
  export LANG=C.UTF-8
else
  export LANG=<ll>_<CC>.<charmap><@modifiers>
fi
EOF

/etc/bashrc

Her er en grunnleggende /etc/bashrc. Kommentarer i filen skal forklare alt du trenger.

cat > /etc/bashrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/bashrc
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
# updated by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org>

# System wide aliases and functions.

# System wide environment variables and startup programs should go into
# /etc/profile.  Personal environment variables and startup programs
# should go into ~/.bash_profile.  Personal aliases and functions should
# go into ~/.bashrc

# Provides colored /bin/ls and /bin/grep commands.  Used in conjunction
# with code in /etc/profile.

alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'

# Provides prompt for non-login shells, specifically shells started
# in the X environment. [Review the LFS archive thread titled
# PS1 Environment Variable for a great case study behind this script
# addendum.]

NORMAL="\[\e[0m\]"
RED="\[\e[1;31m\]"
GREEN="\[\e[1;32m\]"
if [[ $EUID == 0 ]] ; then
  PS1="$RED\u [ $NORMAL\w$RED ]# $NORMAL"
else
  PS1="$GREEN\u [ $NORMAL\w$GREEN ]\$ $NORMAL"
fi

unset RED GREEN NORMAL

# End /etc/bashrc
EOF

~/.bash_profile

Her er en grunnleggende ~/.bash_profile. Hvis du vil ha at hver ny bruker skal få denne filen automatisk, bare endre utdataene til kommandoen til /etc/skel/.bash_profile og sjekk tillatelser etter at kommandoen er kjørt. Deretter kan du kopiere /etc/skel/.bash_profile til hjemmemappene til allerede eksisterende brukere, inkludert root, og angi eieren og gruppen riktig.

cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
# Begin ~/.bash_profile
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
# updated by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org>

# Personal environment variables and startup programs.

# Personal aliases and functions should go in ~/.bashrc.  System wide
# environment variables and startup programs are in /etc/profile.
# System wide aliases and functions are in /etc/bashrc.

if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ] ; then
  source $HOME/.bashrc
fi

if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
  pathprepend $HOME/bin
fi

# Having . in the PATH is dangerous
#if [ $EUID -gt 99 ]; then
#  pathappend .
#fi

# End ~/.bash_profile
EOF

~/.profile

Her er en grunnleggende ~/.profile. Kommentarene og bruksanvisningen /etc/skel for .bash_profile ovenfor gjelder også her. Bare målfilnavnet er forskjellige.

cat > ~/.profile << "EOF"
# Begin ~/.profile
# Personal environment variables and startup programs.

if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
  pathprepend $HOME/bin
fi

# Set up user specific i18n variables
#export LANG=<ll>_<CC>.<charmap><@modifiers>

# End ~/.profile
EOF

~/.bashrc

Her er en grunnleggende ~/.bashrc.

cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
# Begin ~/.bashrc
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>

# Personal aliases and functions.

# Personal environment variables and startup programs should go in
# ~/.bash_profile.  System wide environment variables and startup
# programs are in /etc/profile.  System wide aliases and functions are
# in /etc/bashrc.

if [ -f "/etc/bashrc" ] ; then
  source /etc/bashrc
fi

# Set up user specific i18n variables
#export LANG=<ll>_<CC>.<charmap><@modifiers>

# End ~/.bashrc
EOF

~/.bash_logout

Dette er en tom ~/.bash_logout som kan brukes som en mal. Du vil legge merke til at grunnleggende ~/.bash_logout inkluderer ikke en clear kommando. Dette er fordi det clear håndteres i /etc/issue filen.

cat > ~/.bash_logout << "EOF"
# Begin ~/.bash_logout
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>

# Personal items to perform on logout.

# End ~/.bash_logout
EOF

/etc/dircolors

Hvis du ønsker å bruke dircolors kapasiteten, kjør følgende kommando. /etc/skel oppsettstrinn vist ovenfor kan også brukes her for å gi en ~/.dircolors fil når en ny bruker settes opp. Som før, bare endre utdatafilnavnet på følgende kommando og sikre at tillatelsene, eieren og gruppen er korrekte på filene opprettet og/eller kopiert.

dircolors -p > /etc/dircolors

Hvis du ønsker å tilpasse fargene som brukes for forskjellige filtyper, kan du redigere /etc/dircolors filen. Instruksjonene for å sette fargene er innebygd i filen.

Endelig har Ian Macdonald skrevet en utmerket samling tips og triks for å forbedre skallmiljøet ditt. Du kan lese den på nett https://www.caliban.org/bash/index.shtml.